What is the function of a tungsten electrode in GTAW?

The tungsten electrode plays a crucial role in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) primarily by conducting electricity and creating an arc for welding. When the welder initiates the arc, the electrode, which is made of tungsten due to its high melting point and excellent conductivity, allows a high-frequency electrical current to pass through it. This current generates an intense and concentrated arc between the tungsten electrode and the workpiece, producing the heat necessary for melting the base metal and forming a weld pool.

In this context, while filler material can be added if needed for the weld, the primary function of the tungsten electrode is not to provide this material but rather to initiate and maintain the welding arc. Stabilizing the weld pool and controlling heat input are important aspects of the welding process, but they are secondary to the fundamental role of the tungsten electrode in establishing the electric arc required for welding. The ability of tungsten to withstand high temperatures and maintain a stable arc makes it an essential component in GTAW, ensuring effective and consistent welding results.