What is a potential risk when the gas flow is too low in GTAW?

When the gas flow in Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is too low, one significant risk is that the weld area can become contaminated. The primary purpose of the shielding gas, typically argon or helium, is to protect the molten weld pool and the tungsten electrode from atmospheric contamination. If the gas flow is insufficient, this protective barrier is weakened, leading to the possible introduction of atmospheric elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and moisture into the weld area. These contaminants can interfere with the metal's properties, potentially resulting in porosity, reduced strength, or other defects in the weld.

Effective shielding is critical for ensuring a high-quality weld, and maintaining an adequate flow of gas is essential to providing that protection. Contamination can ultimately compromise the integrity of the weld, so ensuring proper gas flow is a vital aspect of the setup in GTAW.