What happens to the tungsten electrode in the presence of air during welding?

In the context of Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW), when tungsten electrodes are exposed to air during the welding process, they are subject to oxidation. Tungsten, while a robust material with a high melting point, can react with oxygen in the air at elevated temperatures. This reaction leads to the formation of tungsten oxides on the surface of the electrode, which can severely impact its performance and longevity.

Oxidation of the tungsten electrode can result in a number of issues, such as decreased arc stability, poor weld quality, and potential contamination of the weld area. Additionally, an oxidized electrode may require frequent replacement and maintenance, thus increasing operational costs and downtime during welding projects.

Maintaining an inert atmosphere, generally provided by the shielding gas (such as argon or helium), is essential to protect the tungsten electrode and ensure high-quality welds. Proper setup and handling techniques are crucial to prevent the oxidation process and preserve the effectiveness of the tungsten electrode throughout the welding operation.