What happens if a tungsten electrode is not cleaned properly before use?

When tungsten electrodes are not cleaned properly before use, it can lead to unstable arcs during the Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) process. This occurs because contaminants such as oils, dirt, or oxidation on the tungsten can interfere with the electrical conductivity needed to establish a stable arc. A clean tungsten electrode is essential for maintaining a consistent and controllable arc, which is critical for producing high-quality welds. If the electrode surface is contaminated, the arc can flicker or become erratic, making it difficult to achieve a steady weld pool. This instability can undermine the overall effectiveness of the welding operation, leading to potential defects in the weld.