At what angle should the tungsten electrode be held relative to the workpiece during GTAW?

Holding the tungsten electrode at a 15-20 degree angle relative to the workpiece during Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) is optimal for several reasons. This angle promotes a controlled arc length and more stable arc characteristics, which are vital for producing high-quality welds.

When the electrode is angled, it helps direct the heat more effectively onto the workpiece, allowing for better penetration and fusion of the base materials. Additionally, this angle aids in more precise control over the molten pool, which is crucial for achieving uniform welds with the desired bead size and shape.

A 90-degree angle may hinder this control and can lead to a less stable arc, as the heat distribution becomes less localized, potentially resulting in poor weld quality. Similarly, angles that are too shallow, like those approaching 0 degrees, might not provide the necessary heat concentration, affecting the weld's integrity. The 15-20 degree angle strikes a harmonious balance between control, stability, and heat application, making it the recommended position for the electrode during GTAW.